AL-QAWĀRĪR is a refereed academic journal published Four times a year by The Seerat Chair Gender Studies & Women Rights, Institute of Islamic Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Promoting Women’s Economic Participation through the Lens of the Seerah and Islamic Teachings
Women's economic empowerment is a critical component of sustainable development, particularly in Islamic societies where cultural, legal, and socio-economic factors intersect with Islamic principles and values. This study examines the historical role of women in economic activities, the evolution of women's economic rights within Islamic teachings, and contemporary challenges facing women's economic empowerment. It analyzes governmental and non-governmental initiatives aimed at promoting women's economic participation, education, and entrepreneurship within Islamic frameworks. Furthermore, the study explores the importance of education and skill development in enhancing women's economic empowerment, highlighting the correlation between education levels and women's economic participation and decision-making power. Through a multidimensional analysis, it provides insights into successful empowerment programs, challenges, and recommendations for policymakers, community leaders, and stakeholders to further promote women's economic empowerment within Islamic contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
قرآن میں تذکرۃ النساء: سوانحی پس منظر اور عصری اطلاق و تطبیق پر تحقیقی مطالعہ
This research explores the Qur'anic portrayal of women through a detailed study of their biographical references and the moral, spiritual, and intellectual roles assigned to them in the sacred text. Rather than depicting women through a gendered or patriarchal lens, the Qur'an presents them as moral agents and spiritual exemplars, using their stories as vehicles of guidance, warning, and ethical reflection. The study analyzes the nature, style, and context of female mentions in the Qur'an and evaluates their relevance to modern challenges facing Muslim women today—particularly in areas such as education, leadership, gender equity, and identity. By employing classical and contemporary exegetical methods, this research highlights the Qur'an’s timeless framework for understanding the role of women and its potential to inform current discourse on Islamic feminism and women's rights. The study concludes that the Qur'anic narrative of women provides not only spiritual insight but also practical models of dignity, resilience, and empowerment in contemporary Muslim society.
Qur'an, women, biography, tafsir, gender, Islamic feminism, contemporary application
خواتین کا معاشی استحکام اور بااختیاری: سیرتِ نبوی ﷺ کی روشنی میں پاکستانی معاشرے کا تجزیاتی جائزہ
Every year, a report on global gender discrimination is presented by the World Economic Forum as part of a survey, the aim of which is to clarify the data of gender discrimination in different countries of the world. After knowing the problems, in the light of the Prophet's biographical, the solution for women's economic empowerment will be presented. In this research, inferential and descriptive methods (documentary studies) will be used. This study aims at investigating economic empowerment of Pakistani Woman through analyzing the data for the Pakistan that are included in the Global Gender Gap Reports for the years (2015-2022).Obstacles, such as societal, cultural, family restrictions, work environment or spouse and child related barriers will also be specifically examined. Similarly, a joint national plan between government and civil society organizations will also be discussed to remove misconceptions about women's empowerment and promote their economic reality in the light of the Prophet's biographical. Apart from this, there will be a discussion regarding promoting women's self-confidence and coping with social and psychological pressures faced by women.
Women's empowerment, Women's economic empowerment, Women's work in Islam.
قرآنی متون کی فیمینسٹ تعبیر: مذہبی احکام کا ایک فکری و تنقیدی مطالعہ
The topic “Feminine Interpretation of Islamic Texts: A Critical and intellectual Study of Religious Rulings” explores the envolving discourse surrounding gender, interpretation and authority within Islamic thought. This study critically examines how female scholars, thinkers, and reformists have engaged with foundational Islamic sources-the Quran, Hadith, and classical jurisprudence-to re-evaluate traditional understanding of religious rulings related to women. It highlights the hermeneutical methods employed in feminist readings of Islamic texts. The philosophical and theological foundations of these interpretations, and their implications for contemporary Muslim socities. The research also investigates the tention between traditionalist and reformist approaches, emphasizing how contextual and linguistic analyses can lead to more inclusive and interpretations of shariah. By adopting an analytical and comparative framework, this study aims to demonstrate that the feminine interpretation of Islamic texts is not a deviation orthodoxy but an intellectual effort to rediscover the ethical,spiritual,and justice-oriented essence of Islam in light of women’s live experiences.
Feminist Hermeneutics, Islamic Texts, Gender and Shariah, Women in Islam, Critical Interpretation
پاکستان میں خواتین کے حقوق کے فروغ میں وفاقی و صوبائی اداروں کا کردار: تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This study critically examines the role of Pakistan’s federal and provincial institutions in safeguarding and promoting women’s rights within the framework of law, policy, and institutional reforms. The research focuses on four major institutions: the Council of Islamic Ideology (CII), which provides religious and legislative recommendations regarding women’s issues; the National Commission on the Status of Women (NCSW), which works as a watchdog body to ensure gender equality in legal and policy frameworks; the Punjab Women Development Department (PWDD), which implements provincial-level welfare and empowerment programs; and the Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Human Rights Center for Women (SBBHRCW), which provides immediate legal and psychological assistance to women in distress. The findings suggest that these institutions have contributed significantly to policy-making, legal reforms, awareness campaigns, and the provision of support services for women. Nevertheless, the study also highlights persistent challenges such as weak implementation mechanisms, bureaucratic hurdles, lack of financial and human resources, and entrenched socio-cultural barriers that restrict the full realization of women’s rights. By analyzing the strengths and limitations of these institutions, the research identifies the need for stronger coordination among federal and provincial bodies, increased resource allocation, and effective monitoring systems. This study ultimately emphasizes that sustainable progress in women’s rights in Pakistan depends on institutional commitment, legislative support, and societal transformation.
Women’s Rights, Institutional Reforms, Gender Equality, Pakistan, Policy Implementation
صغرسنی کی شادی:مولانا عمراحمدعثمانی اوردیگرمتجددین کی آراء کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
This study explores the sensitive and socially significant issue of child marriage within Islamic thought, focusing on the diverse perspectives presented by Maulana Umar Ahmad Usmani, contemporary exegetes, and modern Islamic scholars. The practice of child marriage has long been debated both within traditional religious framework and in light of modern ethical, legal, and human rights discourses. Modern thinkers advocate for a re-evaluation of child marriage in light of maqasid al-shariah (objectives of Islamic law), human dignity, and contemporary socio-legal realities.The paper begins by analyzing Maulana Usmani’s position, who, while grounded in classical Islamic jurisprudence, engages with the issue through a lens of contextual understanding and social reform. His approach reflects a balance between textual fidelity and evolving human concerns. The research then examines interpretations by contemporary exegetes who often uphold traditional views, emphasizing scriptural sources, such as the Qur’an and Hadith, without substantial reinterpretation. In contrast through comparative analysis, the study highlights the hermeneutical differences in approaching sacred texts and the underlying principles guiding each group’s stance. It concludes that the issue of child marriage requires ongoing scholarly dialogue that bridges traditions and modernity, ensuring that Islamic teachings are applied with both integrity and relevance in the contemporary world.
Child Marriage, Puberty, Consent, Guardian, Jurists, Modernist
Juristic Debates on Consent of Wife for Second Marriage in Pakistan: Views in Shariah Perspective
Islamic Sharia gives significance to the marriage and great importance to the consent of prospective husband and wife for a legal contract of marriage. It significance is evident though the Quranic injunctions and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) who used to take consent of his daughters even after divine order. Muslim Jurists define consent as the prerequisite of the marriage contract in absence of it is invalid. The present research is an effort to explore the consent of wife before second marriage. In Sharia, the second marriage is valid for husband in presence of first wife and it is considered that husband don’t require any permission from his wife for second marriage as it is his right established by Sharia by the referring Surah Nisa, 4:129 marry women of your own choice. The Quranic evidence along with the practices of the Companions of the Prophet for not taking permission before conducting second marriage. The debate on Section 6 clause 2B of Muslim Family law 1961 generate the legal clause of consent of wife before second marriage. Since Sharia has not specified any such condition before another marriage therefore objection generated on this clause. The methodology adopted for the present research is qualitative based on the evidences of Quran and Hadith literature to draw the actual facts and give suitable recommendations in this regard.
Marriage, Consent of Wife, MFLO, Shariah, Family Laws, Juristic Discoures
Copyright (c) 2025 Eman Fatima, Dr. Farhana Mehmood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
معاشرتی فلاح و بہبود کے لیے صحابیات رَضِیَ اللّٰہُ عَنْہن کا کرداراور اس کے اثرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This paper presents an analysis of the pivotal role played by Ṣaḥābiyāt Raḍī Allahu ‘Anhunna, the women companions of Prophet of Islam (ﷺ) in fostering social welfare. The significance of women’s contributions to societal well-being has widely been acknowledged in the later islamic history. Employing an analytical method, the research explores the social, economic, and cultural aspects of women’s roles as companions and their implications for broader welfare outcomes. By examining the experiences of women companions across different cultural settings, the paper identified various patterns, challenges, and opportunities that shape the effectiveness of their contributions to social welfare initiatives. The findings reveal the multifaceted nature of women’s roles as companions, encompassing support, community building, and leadership in various social welfare projects as well as income-generating activities and entrepreneurship. This analytical study offers valuable insights into the diverse roles played by women companions in advancing social welfare. By recognizing and understanding their contributions, women of today can perform actively in a better way bringing positive change towards social betterment.
Women Companions, Contribution, Social Welfare, Analysis, Impacts
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Responsibilities of a Daughter: A Study in the Perspective of Seerah of Hazrat Fatima R.A
Women are the beautiful creature of Allah Almighty. They spread colors and beautifies the surroundings with their presence. In every role of theirs whether it is being a mother, wife, daughter and sister, they are the highly responsible for the successful continuation of life on this planet. Women play a great role in the growth of the society and making it an advanced and modern society. As a daughter she has one of the most important roles to play in his father’s life. A daughter is a source of kindness, tenderness and beauty. A daughter is the first one who idealize her father and look forward to him as a role model. The relationship of a father and daughter is the most beautiful relation of this universe. Our Holy Prophet PBUH and his beloved daughter Syeda Fatima R.A share the same bond of love, respect and understanding. In this article we will discuss the responsibilities of a Muslim women being a daughter in the light of seerah of syeda Fatima R.A, so that our daughters can recall and refresh their status as a daughter.
Father, daughter, relationship, responsibilities, beautification, society.
Women’s Responsibilities Towards the Upbringing of Society
This article aims to elucidate and throw light upon the role of women in the upbringing of society. The personification of women as society builders is being debated in this article to highlight its role. Women are the pioneers of the Nation. They are an integral part of any society and can bring phenomenal changes in society. They a great potential to lift any nation which is rife with problems. Consequently, women are the key to sustainable development and quality of life in the family system. No nation can rise to the height of glory unless its women are side by side in the development of the nation. Throughout history, the pivotal and central role of women in society has ensured the stability, progress, advancement, and long-term development of Nations. The role of women being Mothers, Sister, Wives, Educators, Economist, Caretaker, Disburser, Disciplinarian, and Health Proffesionalist is elaborated in this article in the light of Islam especially keeping in view the teachings of Seerat e Tayyaba Of our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H). The Significance which is being given to Women in Islamic Religious Doctrines is elevated in this article in detail. So, society becomes cognizant of the due status and position of women in Islam and the series of examples of Persecution came to an end which ultimately results in the progress of Nations and Society.
Pioneer, Phenomenal Changes, Islam, Comprehensive Religion
سماجی استحکام میں خواتین منصف کا کردار: عہد نبویﷺ کی روشنی میں
Nowadays, the appointment of women judges in Islamic states is being implemented, which is a recommended practice for social stability because it is impossible to create social stability unless women directly participate in the affairs of the judiciary, because it begins One comes from home and a woman gets training in social justice and justice for her children. Domestic problems between women, the woman plays the role of a judge. Karra was an educator as well as an excellent decision maker. People used to take decisions from you. Examples of other mothers of believers are also present in the books. In the same way, considering these examples in the early centuries, the jurists, especially Imam Abu Hanifa, have described the principles, regulations, and scope of the appointment of women judges.
Seerat-e-Taiba(SAW), Women judges, Social Stability
مولانا حالی کی نظم "چپ کی داد" میں خواتین کی عظمت
Women have a great respect in Muslim Society. Islam has given rights to women in all respects. Women is a major part of this society. In a Muslim society men and women have equal respect each other. If men have a high position in the society, women are also highly respected there. Women play an important role alongside men in a successful society and the development of any society depends on better training and management of women's responsibilities and if women are given a favorable environment to fulfill their responsibilities. Then they will happily become an active part of this society. Our religion has given women the responsibility of raising the home and raising the children.In Molana Altaf Husain Hali’s Poem “Chup ki Daad”, he talk about the miserable condition of women in the society. He discuss her role as mother, as Sister, as daughterand as wife. He described her feelings in geltle way and try to convey her feeling to men and to society. A complete family cannot be formed without a woman and a man.
Respect, Rights, Freedom of living, Lagacy, Equallity
زوجین کے باہمی تخاطب کے اسلامی اصول: قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں تحقیقی مطالعہ
This research explores the Islamic principles of communication between spouses as derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah. The study begins with a linguistic and conceptual analysis of “takhāṭub” (mutual conversation), establishing its ethical and spiritual framework in Islamic tradition. It then investigates the Qur’anic guidelines regarding gentle speech, the use of respectful language, and divine expressions such as qawlan maʿrūfan and qawlan karīman, emphasizing their relevance to marital discourse. Drawing on prophetic traditions, the behavior of the righteous predecessors (salaf), and classical juristic interpretations from major Islamic schools of thought, the study presents practical models of courteous spousal communication. Moreover, it critically examines contemporary challenges such as digital communication, linguistic informality, and the rise of verbal conflict in marital settings. By comparing past ideals with modern realities, the paper argues for the revival of prophetic etiquettes in speech to nurture compassion, mutual respect, and emotional harmony in marital life. The findings highlight the transformative role of ethical speech in preserving family stability and social harmony.
Spousal Communication, Qur’an, Sunnah, Islamic Ethics, Marriage, Speech Etiquette, Takhāṭub
Was Woman Created for the Sake of Man? A Study of Philosophical, Feminist and Islamic Discourses
The question of whether woman was created “for the sake of man” has persisted as a central theme in religious, philosophical, and cultural thought. This article investigates the evolution of this idea across three major traditions: Greek philosophy, Christian theology, and Islamic philosophy and exegesis, with attention also to contemporary feminist reinterpretations. In Greek philosophy, Plato’s ambivalent account and Aristotle’s essentialist biology laid the foundations for centuries of hierarchical interpretations of gender, where woman was positioned as derivative of man. Christian theologians such as Augustine and Thomas Aquinas further systematized this hierarchy by synthesizing biblical exegesis with Aristotelian natural philosophy, affirming spiritual equality but enforcing temporal subordination. In the Islamic context, Avicenna perpetuated Aristotelian views of biological inferiority, while Ibn Rushd revived Plato’s more egalitarian vision, though his perspective remained marginal. Finally, Muslim feminist thinkers, including Amina Wadud, Asma Barlas, Riffat Hassan, and Ayesha Chaudhry, offer alternative hermeneutical frameworks that challenge patriarchal readings of creation and argue for the Qurʾānic affirmation of equality between man and woman. By tracing these trajectories, the article demonstrates how the question of woman’s creation has been shaped by intersecting metaphysical, theological, and exegetical frameworks, and how contemporary feminist scholarship reclaims interpretive space for gender justice.
Gender; Creation; Woman; Aristotle; Plato; Augustine; Thomas Aquinas; Ibn Sīnā; Ibn Rushd; Islamic exegesis; Qurʾān; Feminist hermeneutics; Amina Wadud; Asma Barlas; Riffat Hassan; Ayesha Chaudhry
عہدِ نبوی ﷺ میں مسلم خواتین کا کردار اور تعلیماتِ رسول اکرم ﷺ کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Modern fashion trends have brought significant changes to human lifestyles, especially influencing women across the globe. Among these trends, the use of tattoos, artificial eyebrows, false eyelashes, and synthetic hair extensions has become increasingly popular. While these practices are widely accepted in contemporary societies, Islamic Sharīʿah presents a principled framework that governs bodily modifications. This research paper critically examines the permissibility of such trends through the lens of Islamic jurisprudence, drawing upon the Qurʾān, authentic Aḥādīth, and scholarly consensus (ijmāʿ). The study identifies those bodily modifications for the sake of fashion, without valid medical or dire necessity, are considered impermissible (ḥarām) in Sharīʿah. Tattoos, in particular, are explicitly condemned in the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, where both the one who tattoos and the one who is tattooed are cursed. Similarly, altering the natural shape of eyebrows or using artificial eyelashes falls under the category of tampering with Allah’s creation (taghyīr khalq Allāh), which is also prohibited. Hair extensions made of human or synthetic hair are also forbidden due to textual evidence unless used under strict medical conditions. The paper also explores the underlying sociocultural influences, such as Western media and social networks, that contribute to the normalization of such trends in Muslim societies. It concludes with recommendations for religious scholars, educators, and media platforms to promote Islamic values and raise awareness regarding these modern practices, emphasizing the importance of natural beauty and obedience to divine guidelines.
Sharīʿah Rulings, Tattoos, Artificial Beauty, Islamic Jurisprudence, Modern Fashion.
ثقفی صحابیات ؓ کی مرویات میں مباحث سیرت تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This study offers a critical and analytical exploration of the female Companions from the Banu Thaqif tribe, emphasizing their multifaceted contributions to the formative period of Islam. Drawing directly from the Prophetic legacy, these women not only preserved and transmitted Islamic teachings but also actively engaged in the dissemination of wisdom, ethical values, and spiritual guidance across generations. Their narratives reflect active participation in diverse spheres, including education, social reform, and community defense, thereby demonstrating that their roles extended far beyond domestic confines. By documenting episodes of unwavering faith, intellectual engagement, and moral leadership, this research highlights the enduring significance of the Thaqafi women Companions in shaping the intellectual and social fabric of early Muslim society. Ultimately, their scholarly, ethical, and practical contributions constitute a vital and enduring chapter of Islamic history, offering continued inspiration and guidance for the contemporary Muslim ummah.
Female Companions, Thaqafi women, social reform in Islam, Role of women in early Muslim society, Women in Hadith transmission
Eve between Revelation and Tradition: The Question of Origins in Muslim Classical Interpretations and Feminist Counter-Narratives
This article critically investigates the Islamic narrative of Eve’s creation through an interdisciplinary lens combining Qur’anic hermeneutics, Ḥadīth analysis, and feminist theological critique. Central to this study is the contested interpretation of the Qur’anic expression "min nafsin wāḥidah" ("from a single soul") and its exegetical association with the creation of Eve from Ādam, which many commentators equate with the biblical rib narrative. Drawing on classical interpretations by scholars such as al-Ṭabarī, Mujāhid, and Ibn ʿAbbās, alongside a textual study of six Ḥadīths reported by Abū Hurayrah in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, the study highlights how pre-Islamic, Judeo-Christian, and Hellenistic paradigms may have influenced Islamic exegetical traditions. Feminist scholars, particularly Riffat Hassan, are engaged to explore how patriarchal readings have shaped the ontology of womanhood in Islamic thought, often privileging Ḥadīth-based assertions over Qur’anic egalitarianism. The study questions the reliability of these narrations on both isnād and matn grounds, and argues that the theological construction of woman as “crooked” or secondary contradicts the Qur’anic vision of gendered equality. Ultimately, the article advocates a return to the Qur’an’s primary message, free from later interpretive accretions, to reconstruct a more just and faithful theology of gender in Islam.
Ādam; Eve; Feminist theology; Gender in Islam; Ḥadīth critique; Islamic exegesis; min nafsin wāḥidah; Qur’anic hermeneutics
عورت کی نفسیات اور مرد کی بصیرت: اسلامی تعلیمات کے تناظر میں تحقیقی جائزہ
This article explores the unique psychological nature of women, emphasizing their emotional sensitivity, depth of feelings, and distinct temperament as recognized in Islamic teachings. Islam views women as delicate beings whose emotions and mental states require understanding, respect, and gentle treatment, likened to caring for a fragile flower. Women’s psychology is marked by traits such as empathy, patience, nurturing instincts, and a natural inclination toward compassion. The study highlights the importance of recognizing these qualities in women for building healthy personal and family relationships. In Islam, women are encouraged to pursue knowledge and spiritual growth alongside their natural roles, emphasizing balance and holistic development. Understanding women’s psychological makeup fosters mutual respect and harmony, leading to stable and loving family and social environments. This perspective underscores the value Islam places on women’s dignity, rights, and emotional well-being, urging society to honor and protect these attributes.
Women’s psychology, emotional sensitivity, Islamic teachings, empathy, patience, nurturing, spiritual growth, family harmony
خواتین کا معاشی استحکام: اسلامی تعلیمات اور سماجی حقائق کا عصری تناظر میں تحقیقی مطالعہ
The economic empowerment of women has become one of the most critical aspects of developmental discourse in the contemporary era. Women, being integral members of society, contribute significantly to strengthening economic structures at both individual and collective levels. This study examines women’s economic stability through the lens of Islamic teachings, Pakistani socio-cultural realities, and global developmental measures. Islam, centuries ago, granted women unparalleled rights such as inheritance, independent financial ownership, and the freedom to participate in economic activities within the bounds of modesty. Historical examples, such as the entrepreneurial role of Khadījah al-Kubrā (RA), reflect how women have effectively contributed to family and societal well-being. In Pakistan, despite remarkable progress in education and professional participation, women still face significant challenges including cultural barriers, workplace discrimination, and limited access to resources. The study also explores modern opportunities such as digital platforms, microfinance, and inclusive labor markets that can ensure women’s sustainable economic growth. It argues that true empowerment must align with Islamic values, ethical norms, and contemporary socio-economic needs. Women’s economic stability is not merely a matter of personal independence but a prerequisite for societal prosperity, national development, and long-term stability. This research highlights both achievements and shortcomings in current measures while offering practical recommendations for enabling women to achieve meaningful empowerment without compromising religious and moral principles. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that empowering women economically is both a social necessity and a moral responsibility rooted in Islamic guidance.
Women, Economic Stability, Empowerment, Islam, Society, Development
Rediscovering the Liberated Woman: An Exploration of Women's Rights in Islam
Women’s rights in Islam remain widely debated, often distorted by cultural biases and patriarchal misrepresentations. While Islam originally emerged as a revolutionary force for gender equity, it is frequently perceived as inherently patriarchal. This article explores the Islamic framework on women’s rights through a critical, qualitative lens, aiming to dispel myths and align Islamic teachings with international discourses on gender equality. Focusing on foundational rights-marriage, divorce, inheritance, education, and social status—it highlights how Islam granted women unprecedented rights at a time when they were largely oppressed elsewhere. It also examines the intersection of gender with ethnicity and socio-economic status, illustrating how these dimensions shape women’s experiences across Muslim societies. This article underscores Islam’s commitment to women’s dignity and empowerment through education and authentic reinterpretation of texts, promoting dialogue to align Islamic principles with contemporary gender discourse.
Women's Rights, Islamic teachings, Gender Equality, Education, Empowerment, Social Justice
نبی اکرم ﷺ کی عائلی زندگی پر مستشرقین کے اعتراضات کا جائزہ
The personal and family life of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) represents an ideal model of moral, social and spiritual balance. His relationships with his wives were characterized by compassion, justice and mutual respect, offering a practical framework for Muslim family ethics. However, Orientalist scholars have often scrutinized the Prophet’s (ﷺ) family life through a Western lens, leading to critical interpretations that reflect cultural bias, partial understanding, or deliberate distortion. Among these scholars, W. Montgomery Watt stands out for his detailed yet controversial analysis of the Prophet’s marriages and domestic life and some other orientalists also. This study aims to critically examine the objections raised by Orientalists regarding the Prophet's (ﷺ) family life. The significance of this research lies in countering such critiques through a contextualized and evidence-based approach, clarifying misconceptions, and highlighting the moral foundations of Islamic family principles rooted in the Prophet’s(ﷺ) example. The main objectives of this research are to present the major Orientalist criticisms concerning the Prophet’s (ﷺ) family life, to evaluate the historical and intellectual backgrounds of these critiques and to respond to them using authentic Islamic sources and modern scholarly analysis. The methodology employed is analytical and historical in nature. It involves a thorough review of primary Islamic texts, classical and modern commentaries on the Prophet’s life, and a comparative study of Orientalist literature. The research applies critical discourse analysis to deconstruct the assumptions underlying Orientalist objections and to offer a reasoned Islamic response.
Prophet’s Family Life, Orientalist Critique, Islamic Ethics, W. Montgomery Watt, Critical Discourse Analysis
تعلقِ زوجین میں اتفاق وافتراق کے بنیادی عوامل کا شرعی ہدایات کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Marriage (nikah) in Islam is a sacred covenant rooted in divine guidance and moral responsibility, designed to foster love, harmony, and spiritual fulfillment between spouses. However, like all human relationships, conjugal bonds can experience moments of unity (coincidence) as well as divergence (separation), each governed by specific principles outlined in Islamic Shariah. This analytical study delves into the foundational elements that contribute to both the cohesion and dissolution of marital relationships, examining them in light of Shariah guidelines. The concept of coincidence (ittifaq) in marital life refers to emotional, physical, intellectual, and spiritual harmony between spouses. Islam encourages this coincidence through mutual rights and responsibilities, compassion, consultation, and conflict resolution mechanisms such as arbitration. The Qur’an emphasizes that spouses are garments for one another, symbolizing intimacy, protection, and mutual dependence. This study identifies key elements that promote marital coincidence: sincerity of intention, communication, mutual respect, sexual fulfillment, financial responsibility, and religious compatibility.
Foster Love, coincidence, separation, consultation, conflict
ترکی میں خواتین کا سماجی، تعلیمی اور مذہبی مقام: ایک جائزہ
Women in Turkey are the women who live in or are from Turkey. The first women's association in Turkey, the Ottoman Welfare Organization of Women, was founded in 1908. Turkey gave full political rights to women, including the right to elect and be elected locally in 1930 (nationwide in 1934). Article 10 of the Turkish Constitution bans any discrimination, state or private, on the grounds of sex. It is the first country which had a woman as the President of its Constitutional Court. The article 41 of the Turkish Constitution reads that the family is "based on equality between spouses" After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey came into being and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk introduced reforms that were in direct conflict with Islamic teachings. This continued and in the 1980s, Islamists began to rise in the political arena. As Islamists came to power, the element of imperceptible Islamization in the law grew. Turkey was a progressive thinker on women's rights. Over the past 20 years, headscarves have been banned in state institutions or the military, and the introduction of "breastfeeding breaks" has given mothers a balanced work life. But on the other hand, the trend of killing in Turkey in various accidents gaining momentum. According to the Turkish’ females’ platform, about 474 women were killed in 2019. Educationally, women's participation in Turkey is valuable, but not much better in the political arena. Although the Prime Minis1 ter promotes moderate Islamic thinking, liberals and secularists continue to make various allegations against him regarding women's rights. It is necessary to examine the status of women in Turkey as an important Muslim country today. In the context of these objective conditions in Turkey, our article will present an analytical study of the religious, educational and social status, role and status of women.
Turkey, women rights, Social rights, Educational status, Religious status.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
قوامیتِ رجال: اسلامی تصور، معاشرتی نظم و استحکام کا فکری و تحقیقی جائزہ
Allah Almighty is not only the Creator of all creation, but also their Lord and the Master of this universe. He has made each creature part of a collective system along with its individual existence. For its life and survival, the entire systems of the universe are interconnected. It is as if the well-being and safety of entire system of time requires discipline and centralization among all of them. Each component is part of a whole and is integrated, functional, and active with its other components, while a center has organized and regulated this system, everything from the rotation of the sun and moon to the human body is subject to the same law of nature. Just as if the planets were freed from the sun's gravity, this solar system would become a cause of destruction for other systems of nature. Similarly, if the individuals of human societies and social institutions become autonomous, the social system would begin to decline and perish. Freedom from the influence of the center will seem like a temporary and apparent success for it, but it will be a deadly poison for its establishment and survival. Just as for the health and safety of a human being, all the organs must be subordinate to the brain. For a happy human society, the order and coordination of its institutions and individuals is essential, which depends on the connection of individuals to a center. Therefore, in the system of life that Allah Almighty has given in the form of the religion of Islam, He has made special provision for this, no matter what area of life, individuals have been connected to each other and the best person has been made responsible by making him its supreme administrator so that no one can violate anyone's rights or allow them to do so. Thus, by placing the burden of responsibility on this capable person, the weak have been made worry-free. In view of this principle, when we look at Islamic society and its institutions, we find men as guardians and maintainers. Allah did not make them rulers, but made them the guarantors of the establishment and survival of women and the weak, and the means of regulating social life.
Islamic Social Order, Qawāmiyyat al-Rijāl, Law of Nature, Divine System, Social Responsibility
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Noreen Butt , Sana Butt (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Social Status of Women: Islamic Perception of Women Empowerment
Women Empowerment is the methodology in which women grow and replicate what it is that they can be, do, and accomplish in a circumstance that they beforehand were denied. On the other hand, it is the technique for women to re-evaluate sex employments that thinks about them to pick up the ability to pick between known decisions whom have by and large been kept from such a limit. Strengthening of women is a need for the specific improvement of a general public, since it upgrades both the quality and the amount of HR accessible for advancement. There are a couple of models describing women's fortifying, for instance, for one to be empowered, they ought to start from a position of incapacitation. Furthermore, one must anchor fortifying themselves rather than have it given to them by an external get-together. Distinctive examinations have found that reinforcing definitions include people being able to settle on crucial decisions in their lives while in like manner having the ability to catch up on them. Women Empowerment insinuates exhaustively to the augmentation of chance of choice and movement to shape one's life. A drew in woman will be one who is brave, who in a general sense examines her condition and who rehearses direction over decisions that impact her life. The likelihood of reinforcing shows itself at all dimensions of societal collaboration. It is found in giving a voice to the frail and thought little of. It requires having a passageway to the required instruments and materials for the expansion of breaking points. Women reinforcing has five sections: women feeling of confidence; their qualification to have and choose choices; their privilege to approach openings and resources; their privilege to be able to control their own one-of-a-kind lives, both inside and outside the home; and their ability to affect the course of social change to make an even more basically social and financial demand extensively and all around. A large number of the obstructions to ladies' strengthening and value lie instilled in social standards. Numerous ladies feel these weights, while others have turned out to be familiar with being dealt with substandard compared to men. The present research paper aims at the social status introduced by Islam. Whether Islam oppresses a woman or emancipates her? How does Islam empower a woman to run his home or educate her children or play her role in a society, will be explored in detail.
Women, Social Status, Empowerment, ladies' strengthening and value
اسلام میں خواتین کی قیادت: نظریاتی بنیادیں، تاریخی خدمات، عصری اثرات اور موجودہ چیلنجز کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
The role of women in Islamic leadership, though evident in historical records, has often been neglected in scholarly discourse. This study aims to highlight the theoretical, historical, and sociopolitical aspects of female leadership within Islam. From the early stages of Islamic history, women like Khadijah (RA), Aisha (RA), Maryam (AS), Asiya (AS), and Zainab (RA) played vital roles in religious, social, and political spheres. Their examples demonstrate that Islam did not merely permit but also appreciated and benefited from female leadership. The Qur'an and Sunnah provide a balanced framework that affirms the dignity and responsibilities of women in public life. This paper explores how Islamic teachings contrast with Western notions of leadership, especially regarding absolute gender equality versus a nature-based, role-oriented approach in Islam. It also assesses how cultural traditions, misinterpretation of religious texts, and socio-political constraints have limited women’s leadership roles in modern Muslim societies. However, Islamic principles provide room for education, entrepreneurship, social participation, and even political representation for women — when aligned with the moral and legal structure of Shariah. The study concludes with practical recommendations such as reforming educational curricula, promoting awareness through religious institutions, removing cultural barriers, and facilitating women’s contributions in decision-making roles at community and national levels. The paper urges Muslim societies to revisit their understanding of leadership in light of Islamic values and prophetic tradition, ensuring that women receive equal respect and rightful opportunities to contribute to societal development.
Women Leadership, Islam, Historical Contributions, Contemporary Challenges, Islamic Feminism
Hafiz Asif Ismail (Corresponding Author)
جدید فیشن میں جسمانی تبدیلیوں کا رجحان: مصنوعی بھنویں، پلکیں ، بال اور ٹیٹو - شرعی تجزیہ
Sharīʿah Rulings, Tattoos, Artificial Beauty, Islamic Jurisprudence, Modern Fashion
امریکہ میں خواتین کے قبول اسلام کے اسبا ب
Islam is a universal religion which is the source of guidance for all mankind. America is the great power of today, which is leading the world in every respect. America is a religiously pluralistic country and despite not having an official religion, Christianity is the dominant religion there. It is a common observation that American women are rapidly converting to Islam and this has increased significantly since 9/11. Despite the availability of freedom, equality and all kinds of facilities, why are women adopting Islam as a code of life? While Islam considers women as inferior. In this research article, the reasons for the acceptance of Islam by American women will be reviewed۔
Super power America , pluralistic society , 9/11 , women conversion to Islam , reasons for conversion
Socio-Islamic Perspectives on Gender Equality: A Case Study of Women, Faith, and Feminism at the University of Narowal
The study is a qualitative exploration of socio-Islamic views of gender equality through a case-study examination of women faculty and student members at the University of Narowal, Pakistan. Using a thematic analysis approach, the study reveals how participants construed Islamic teachings concerning gender roles and how this influenced their views on feminism and empowerment. Researcher also examined how higher education informed women’s religious and feminist identities and socio-cultural obstacles many faced in a primarily conservative context. Furthermore, explored institutional policies and campus culture to examine how both promoted or hindered feminist discourse and contributed to gender equality. Objectives of the study are to explore and document the ways female students and faculty at the University of Narowal engage with Islam as it relates to gender equality, to examine the role of higher education in developing women’s attitudes and beliefs towards faith and feminism, to investigate the challenges women encounter in pursuing education and career ambitions in a conservative socio-religious context, to analyze the University of Narowal's institutional engagements and campus culture on gender equality and to contribute to the larger field of research on Islamic feminism and women's empowerment in Pakistan. In that context, study findings show that participants were often resistant to patriarchal interpretations of Islam and argued for an egalitarian reading of their religion. Most of the participants (students and faculty) often described education as a transformative practice for women’s empowerment that stimulated advanced, critical thinking and the incorporation of feminist ideas in relation to their faith. Unfortunately, the social barriers of family and community oppression and violence were often reproduced and resisted within a broader patriarchal structural context that reproduced many challenges in their educational endeavours. Institutional issues such as few female administrators or senior leaders also compromised many women’s education. This study adds to the larger narrative of Islamic feminism by illustrating how local, faith-based feminist agency can forge strides towards greater gender justice in Muslim societies.
Gender equality, Islamic feminism, socio-Islamic perspectives, higher education, socio-cultural challenges
Joyce's Eveline: A Case Study in Feminist Realism and The Limits of Female Emancipation
This paper examines James Joyce's "Eveline" as a compelling case study in feminist realism, illustrating the profound limits of female emancipation in early 20th-century Dublin. Through a close reading of Eveline Hill's psychological paralysis and ultimate inaction, this study argues that the narrative meticulously depicts the pervasive societal and patriarchal structures that constrained women's autonomy and aspirations. Eveline's poignant struggle is not merely a personal failing, but a realistic portrayal of how deeply ingrained gendered expectations, filial duty, and the threat of social ostracization operated as formidable barriers to female liberation. The abstract analyzes how Eveline's decision to remain, rather than escaping with Frank, is a grim testament to the overwhelming influence of the domestic sphere and the insidious nature of emotional and economic dependency on male figures. It highlights how Joyce’s portrayal of Eveline’s internal conflict, marked by her attachment to familiar routines and her fear of the unknown, accurately reflects the limited choices available to women of her era. The paper contends that "Eveline" functions as a stark commentary on the era’s "emancipation" rhetoric, revealing it as often superficial when confronted with the realities of women's lived experiences. Ultimately, this research posits that Joyce's work, through its unflinching realism, contributes significantly to understanding the complex interplay of gender, duty, and the deeply entrenched societal forces that actively suppressed female agency.
Feminist realism, patriarchal structures, gendered expectations, filial duty, psychological paralysis, female emancipation, domestic sphere, women’s agency