عائلی و سماجی سطح پر تبادلہ تحائف: شریعت اسلامیہ کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Exchange of Gifts at the Family and Social Levels: An Analytical Study in the Light of Islamic Shariah

Abstract

The exchange of gifts and financial contributions at family and social occasions constitutes a deeply rooted practice in Muslim societies, reflecting cultural continuity as well as ethical values endorsed by Islamic teachings. This study offers an analytical exploration of such practices in the light of Islamic law, with particular attention to their objectives, diverse forms, and contemporary implications. It examines common manifestations of gift exchange, including those associated with engagements, marriages, dowry, nuqūṭ salami, childbirth, aqīqah, illness, pilgrimage, Eid celebrations, and interactions with non-Muslims. Central to this analysis is the role of intention (niyyah) and sincerity (ikhlāṣ), which fundamentally determine the moral and legal status of these practices, as emphasized in the Qurʾān, Sunnah, and classical juristic discourse. The study argues that, in their original spirit, such exchanges are commendable and serve to strengthen social bonds, promote compassion, and foster mutual cooperation. However, it also highlights a significant shift in many contemporary contexts, where these customs have become burdensome, leading to financial strain, social pressure, indebtedness, and ostentation. By applying key juristic principles such as ʿurf (custom), maqāṣid al-sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law), and ethical moderation, the study calls for a critical reassessment of these practices. It concludes that gift exchange should remain voluntary, sincere, and proportionate to one’s means, ensuring that it continues to function as a source of social harmony rather than hardship.